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Additional tests may include holotranscobalamin or methylmalonic acid (for borderline results), intrinsic factor antibodies (if pernicious anaemia is suspected), and coeliac serology where appropriate

IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS Vitamin B12 is safe for long-term use when monitored Folate and iron status should also be evaluated B12 supplementation does not cause weight gain Injectable B12 may improve compliance and symptom relief SUMMARY Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient supporting energy production, neurological health, and red blood cell formation

Patients who are concerned about their weight or who have not achieved adequate results with current treatments should speak with their GP or a specialist weight management service

Pharmacological therapy of obesity past, present, and future